kopas



Aug. 17, 1943. J. s. KoPAs TESTING DEVICE 2 Sheets-Sheet l Filed April24, 1941 INVENTOR.

Il( m l-Td JSEPH S. KOP/1S.

Aug. 17, 1943. J. s. KoPAs 2,327,194

TESTING DEVICE v Filed April 24, 1941 I 2 sheets-'Sheet 2 n Da peep dofavors fur you? IHM( Il www Fw w 9@ y F/Qo I Can Pulley-B- be thedriver,

vs's Nvo y @ha lj'A- tvurns clockwisewhich way does-B- turn cLockwIsscouNTzR-cwcxwass v v V my I4 length of hyfotenuse? 1| 3 /3`/ 5 6 20 /9Ulf 4'@ "o l 1716.3. HG. 10. INVENTo JOSEP/1S. /m

. an indicating device.

paratus the book of panels denoted generally by the reference charactersI@ and II are joined together back to back as illustrated in Figure 3.

-Each panel has a frame I2 extending around its f.

Suitable'hinges 2d screwed to the frames edges. I2 hold the panelstogether in the manner of a book. A hook El secured to one of the framesI2 is adapted to catch in the eye member 23 of the other frame i2 tothus hold the panels together during the testing operation.

Each of the panels has oppositeV faces, one of the faces beingobservable to the examinee during the test and the other of the facesbeing not observable to the examinee during the test. faces of thepanels observable to the examinee are disposed upon the outside surfacesof the book shown in Figure 3 and the surfaces not observable to theexamines are disposed inwardly of the book shown in Figure 3 between theassembled panels.

Each panel is,l comprised of awood base uponv l* which is pasted orotherwise securedY a paper sheet 25. A sheet of Cellophane orregenerated cellulose orv other suitabletransparent material 24 isplaced over the outer surface of the sheets the panel. While theexaminee is able to observe the position of the pointer portion 26 he isunable to observe the position of the pointer portion 23 although thepositioning of the pointer portion 23 is dependent upon the positioningof the pointer portion 26. The fit of the shaft 2l in the panel is quitesnug so that the indicating device will readily stay in the positionwhere it r.The Y 25. Figure 4, being a cross-sectional view through Thefaces of the panels Il and I2 are ruledoif or marked into rectangles orlocal areas I3. Each area I3 on the face. of the` panel observable tothe examinee has a corresponding area on the opposite face notobservable to the examinee.

In each of the local areas I3 there isprinted a suitable indicia I6representing a question or problem presented to .the examinee. LThe.question or problem is, of course, diiferent for each of the plurality0f local areas. Also, within each local area there is a plurality ofindicia I5, It, I'l and I8 representing alternate answers or solutionsto the presented question or problem. It is understood that the termalternate answers refers to a plurality of possible answers of which onemaybe selected bythe eXaminee and is'not limited necessarily to twoalternate answers. The indicia .I5,'I, I'l .and i3 are arranged in thegeneral outline of an arc in each local area I3. The indicia Il, l5, It;I'I and I8 are printed or otherwise impressed upon the paper sheet 25and are visible through the transparent sheet 2d.

Mountedin each panel in juxtaposition-to the indicia I5, It, I'I, and I8of the local areas I3 is Each indicating device comprises a shaft 2Iextending through a suitable opening or bore in the panel and extendingfrom the face visible to the examinee to the face not visible to .theexaminee. Upon one end of the shaft 2l a knob orvknurled head I9 isvrigidly secured. An indicating pointer 20 extends out radially of theshaft 2l from the head I9. .Se-V cured to the opposite endof the shaft2|, a nat Washer 22 having a pointer portion 23 extending therefrom isrigidly secured. The arrangement is suchthat the shaft 2l uponv rotatingin the bore in the panel causes the pointers 2i) and -23 tosimultaneously revolve therewith. kUpon the turning of the knob I9 bythe examineeto point the pointer portionsV 23 in one direction thepointer portion 23 simultaneously revolves 'to point a correspondingdirection, but not necessarily the same direction.y The pointing of thepointer portion 26 to o-ne indicia-,always results in the pointing ofthe pointer portion 23. to a pre-determined indicia on the oppositeYface of cannot be seen by the exaniinee.

has been set by the turning of the knob I9. It has also been found thatby making the nt fairly tight it requires some effort upon the part ofthe eXaminee to turn the knob I9 and he concentrates upon the effort ofpositioning the pointer to the indicia selected as his chosen answer andin the effort eliminates whatever nervousness, tension orself-consciousness which he might 'otherwise have in taking anexamination.

Figures 5 to 1I), inclusive, illustrate the manner in which differentphases of the desired aptitude or characteristics of the examinee may beinquired into. ,Forexampla Figure 5 illustrates some questions which maybe used for determining the social phase of the eXaminees aptitude. Therstquestion or problem presented by the indicia I6 is Do people dofavors for you? Four alternate answers are open to the examineessuggestion such as Few, Somej Many and Almost everyone. These alternateanswers are represented by the indicia I5, IG, I'I and I8 arrangedadjacent to arrow points, spots'or other suitable indications oflocation. The examinee` by turning the knob I 9 directs the indicatingpointer 26 to the indiciaof.- the choice selected by. hirn. Lpontheopposite side of the panel in a correspondinglocal area denoted as areaI3a the answer selected is recorded in a manner not observable to theexaminee. The face of the panel bearing the areas Ita is positioned onthe inside of the book shown in Figure 3 and thus The unobserved pointerportion 23 is moved by the turning of the knob IQ to register the chosenanswer. To provide means of readily translating and recording the chosenanswerssuitable indicia 30,

Y 3l and 32 are placed on the area I3a in an arced arrangement. The dot35i in redV color is an indicia of an'unfavorable answer denoting theabsence of a desired social phase of the examinees aptitude. The 'dot 3lin White'denotes a neutral position and counts neither lfor nor againstthe social phase of the examinee in thisinstance. The black arc 32coveringtwo possible answers indicates a favorable reaction and thepresence of the-social phase being inquired into bythe par-v ticularquestion presented. Therefore, in this instance if lthe examines turnsthefknob I9 to indicate his selected answer as Many or A1- most everyonethe indicating portion 23will indicate the black arc 32.'.If the answerSome is selected the neutral dot 3i will be indicated. If the answer Fewis selected, then the unfavorable dot 39 in red will beindicated.

Another illustratory question may be Do people blame ,you unfairlyf The.examinee similarly indicates his selected answer on the face of thepanel observable to` him and his choice is recorded on the face of thepanel not observable to him'. Intliis case answers corre-A sponding withthe arc 32 are considered unfavorable and tlierefore the arc is coloredred. The' answer corresponding to the dot 3 is considered favorable andtherefore that dot is colored black. By a glance at-the reverse face 'ofthe panel. the person giving the examination may easily see thepositions of the ypointing portions asamfce 23, and readily determine.the presence or absence. of the different socialphasesof theA aptitutedesired, in the examines..

Figures 7; and 8fillustrate another: type oiy question or problempresented tothe examinee 5 andthe manner. inwhich the answer.` isrecord.- ed. To, determina the mechanicalv phase of. the

.eirarnineehV aptitude amechanical problem 4such as two. pulleys.joined: by'v a belt is .presented Dinerent questionsfin cnnnectionwiththis. gen-v eral probleml may thenbetpresented. in different` localareas. In one local.4 area, whichinay. beoonsidere-dr. as. aiVsubfdivision of; a. larger local area, there isV presented thequestionWhich pill.- ley turns aster?. .lit-.another location onthe faceoi. thepanel thereY is presentedthe question Can pulley B. be; the driver.ALikewise the question. may be presented .Ii A. turns. clockwise. whichway doesB turn?. In eachof these cases. thereareftwo alternateanswers Aand Suitable indicia` illustrates the; possible answersY and; thepointer 2.9. may be revolved to indicate the examinees selected answer..To each oi these questions there is.y only one right answer; This isdesignated on the opposite face of the panel 25 by the black dot 33'.`Whentlfie correct answer has been selected by the examinee then thepointer portion 2,3 will point to. the black clot 33. If anincorrectanswer` has beengiven` then' the pointer portion 2.3 will not registerwith the dot 33. lt is noted that the pointerl portions 23. and 2) donot necessarily both point in the saine direction. The rigid mounting ofthe pointer portions Z and 23 tothe. shaft 2.I is such,.how ever, thatboth. pointer portions revolve together. By rigidly securing the.pointer portionty at the proper position en the shaft when con--structing the device the pointer portion 23 will always pointto the dot33 wherra correct answer. has been indicated by the examinee on theface* of the panelobservableto. him. Y

Another type of question or problem presenable to .an examinee todetermine anotherphase of his aptitude, suchashis knowledge of geometryand mathematics is illustrated by'ligures 9l and l0. In this oaseatriangle having two di. mensions disclosed is showniand there ispresented the questionl What istheV length of the hypotenuse.Four'alternate answers are pre-i sented for thev exa-minees selection.By turnv ingthe indicating portion 29ste his selected .an-

swer there is registered on the back. face of the the correctness orincorrectness of the answer and thus his: aptitude; in this particular.ySince there is only one correct answer'to the problem presented there isonly the onedot 35i upon the back` 'face of the panel. By glancing.V atthev hack face of the panel the person giving the examination may notethe position of the indi eating portion 23' and instantly determine thepresence or lack of presence of this particular phase of the desired,aptitude being` inquiredl into.

The questions and problems presentedl here'are of course merelyillustratoryA andit is4 apparentv 6: that many variations. and mutationsmay be made -in the arrangements here given by way of example. By usingva number' of panels, diierent phases of. thev examinees aptitude may? beinquired `into for the purpose of determining the desirability ofengaging. thei .examineeaior' a, particular position; ortypeoi work; Inexamining prospective iactoryi'workers. the questions,` andproblemswill-,of` course differ'from thoseto.: be i presented to', prospectivesexecutives.; Like:

wise,. the desired. answers. in'. one case may vary ilrom. the desiredanswers` in another case- This. is: particularly' true. in: theexamination of the social phases; or the aptitude ci?v the examined I-t,is. apparent, however, that. az very flein'ble convenient arrangement.is. offered by the appar ratus embodying' my: inventiony and that many'advantages not' heretofore obtainable are. to be' foundin the use otapparatus. embodying -myfinfr vention..

l Although. I have: describedn my invention with a certain degree ofparticularity, it is understood that the; present. disclosure' has beenmade only by wayof example. and that numerous changes: in the details,of'. construction and the ccmibin'a-I tionand arrangement. ot parts maybe resorted to without departing from .thefspi'rit and; the scope of theinvention-l asY hereinafter claimed;V

I claimv as my invention:

l. Apparatus forl testing the particular'aptitude of anexaminesclemonstrable from the answers toa particulargroup` orquestions-or prob lems comprising in combination, a panel havingv aiirst surface visiblev to they examineeand a second surface facing in aidirection opposite of said rst surface, said rst andy secondV surfacesbeing coinprisedvoff a plurality of corresponding appropriatelydesignated locallareas, indicia-.carried by each of said local area-s,the indicia on the local areas ofthe first surface representing aquestion or problem of' said' particular groupoi. questions or problemsa-nd alter-nate answers' to the said question or problem, theindiciaonthe local areas of'the second surfaceuepresenting indications oi'l thedegree of said particular aptitude offthe examines, a plurality ofindicat-V ing members extending throughy said panel' to'v rotaterelative to the` panel, said indicating members having pointer portionsextended ad#Y jacent corresponding localareas` to point to indicia onsaid local areas, movement of the indi-- eating members toV point thepointer portions adjacent the first surface tothe indicia of the'answers selected by the'exarninee simultaneous'- Y 1y pointing thepointer portions adjacent the4 sec.-

ond surface to the indicia ofthe degree of aptitude of the examineeanswering the questionsoilproblems.

2In apparatus of the character described, a panel havingv oppositesurfaces; the first of the surfaces being visible to the examinee andthe second of the surfaces beingy directed in an opposite direction, aplurality of shafts rotatably mounted in said panel at spaced distancesfrom' each other, said shafts having pointed portions rotatabletherewith and positioned on opposite sides of the panel, groups ofindicia positionedv in juxtaposition to said shafts, respectively, onopposite sides of the-panel, each group of indicia on the rst of thesurfaces representing alternate answers to a question or problem of aparticular group oi questions or problems carried: by the first of thesurfaces and presented to the examnee, each group of indicia on thesecond' of the surfaces representing degrees of the presence ofparticular aptitude in the examines demonstrable from the answers tosaid particular questions or answers, the rotating of the shafts bytheexaminee to indicate the selected an swers translating the selectedVanswers into indications of the said aptitude of the-examinee.

3. A panel for use in examining aptitude phases of an examinee, thepanel having oppositely disposedsurfaces, the nrstof thesurfacesbeing-visible tothe examines and having particu4 lariquestionsor problems thereon for answering by the examinee to disclose aparticular phase of said aptitude phases, groups of indicia on saidfirst surface representing alternate answers to the questions orproblems, revolvable pointers positioned in juxtaposition to saidgroups,k respectively, of indicia on said rst surface, said pointershaving shafts revolvable therewith extending through the panel andhaving complementary pointer portions movable therewith on the second ofsaid surfaces, indica on said second surface and not visible to theexaminee representing the presence of said particular phase of saidaptitude phases of the examinee, the complementary pointer portions ofthe revolvable pointers indicating the presence of said particular phaseof said aptitude phases in accordance with the selected answersindicated by the positioning by the examinee of the revolvable pointersrelative to the appropriate indicia.

4. A device for testing a particular aptitude of an examinee comprisinga panel having one side visible to the examinee and an opposite side notvisible to the eXaminee, said panel comprising a plurality-ofappropriately designated local areas, a first group of indicia on saidone side of the panel and in each of said local areas, said group ofindicia representing a question or problem adapted to make manifest saidparticular aptitude and selectable answers thereto, a second group ofindicia on said opposite side of the panel and in each of said localareas, said second group cf indicia representing indications of thepresence of said particular aptitude of the examines, a shaft rotatablymounted in each of said local areas and extending through the panel,pointer portions carried by, and rotatable with, said shaft on oppositesides of said panel, movement of a pointer portion on said one side ofthe panel being translated through the shaft to the other pointerportion on the opposite side of the panel, the positioning f the pointerportions on said one side of the panel to indicate the answers selectedby the examinee also causing the positioning of the pointer portions onsaid opposite side of the panel to indicate the degres of the presenceof said aptitude in the examinee.

5. A device for readily indicating a particular aptitude ci an examineeby the question and answer method without disclosing the indications ofYaptitude to the examinesl during the examination, comprising'a panelhaving cppositely disposed faces, only one of the faces bei.g visible tothe examines, said panel having groups of indicia distributed 'on theface visible to thev examinee and corresponding vgroups of indiciadistributed on the face not visible to the examinee, the indicia on theface visible to the examinee representing choices selectable by theexaminee and adapted to demonstrate said particular aptitude and theindicia on the face not visible to the examinee representingtranslations of said choices in terms of the presence of said particularaptitilde, movable first indicating means carried by the panel on theface visible to the examines to be operated by the examinee forindicating the choices selected, complementary indicating means carriedby the panel on the face not visible to the examince and movable withsaid first indicatingr means to indicate the translations of saidchoices selected in terms of presence of aptitude. n

6. A testing device for immediately indicating the translatedinterpretations of optional choices chosen bv an examineecomprising atwo-faced member having one face'visible to theexaminee and another facedirected opposite from said one face and not visible to the examinee,indicia of the said optional choices open to the examinee on said oneface, indicia of the said translated interpretations on said anotherface, first-pointer means carried by the two-faced member movable by theexaminee to indicate the choices selected, and second pointer meansoperatively connected by mechanical means to said first pointer means toindicate the translated interpretations of the choices selected by theexaminee. v

7. In a system for determining the presence of a particular'desiredcharacteristic in an examinee, a plurality of indicating devices forindicating complementary phases of said desired characteristic, each ofsaid devices having a first surface area observable tothe eXaminee, andhaving a second surface area directed in a direction opposite of saidfirst surface area and unobservable to the examinee, during theexamination, said surface areas being adapted to bear visual questionspresented to the examinee, the question presented for each rst surfacearea being adapted to elicit a response relative to one of saidcomplementary phases of the said desired characteristic, groups ofindicia arranged on said first surface areas for indicating alternativeanwers to said questions, a movable indicator carried by each saiddevice and adapted to be selectively pointed by the exarriinee to oneindicia of the group of indicia on each of said first surface areas,each said indicator having a portion movable therewith extended throughthe respective indicating device to point on the said second surfacearea, groups of indicia arranged on said second surface areas forindicating degrees of the presence of said complementary phases of thesaid desired characteristic, the movable indicator selectively pointedby the examinee also pointing to an indicia of the group of indicia onsaid second surface area, the selective pointing by the examinee of theindicators to indicia on the first surface areas of the devicessimultaneously pointing to the dicia on the second surface areas toregister the degree of presence of the said desired characteristic.

8. In a system for determining the presence of a particular desiredcharacteristic in an examinee, a plurality of indicating devices iorindicating complementary phases relative to other complementary-phasesof said desired characteristic,

'each of said devices having a dial face visible to the examinee and acorresponding and oppositely directed dial face not visible to theexaminee, indicators on said dial faces of each device connectedtogether to move together, indicia on the dial face visible to theexaminee of alternate answers to a question designed to disclose thepresence of one of said phases, indicia on the corresponding dial faceinvisible to the examinee of the translations of saidanswers in terms ofsaid comple entary phases, and operating means for the movinUr of theindicators of the devices by the examinee to indicate selected indiciaon the dial faces visible to the eXaminee and to simultaneously indicatecorresponding indicia on the dial faces invisible to the examinee, thecorrespondingly indicated indicia on the dial faces invisible to theexamines disclosing the presence of the said desired characteristic inthe examlnee.

9. A device for translating an answer to a question posed to an examineeinto an indication of a certain phase of a particular desiredcharacteristie demonstrable by such question and answer in the examinee,comprising a pair of dial faces, one of oppositely directed said facesbeing visible to the examinee and the other of said faces being notVisible to the examinee, a pair of indicating pointers mounted on acommon shaft to move together, a rst of said pointers being arranged Atomove adjacent the face Visible to the examinee and a second of saidpointers being arranged to move adjacent the face not visible to theexaminee, indicia carried by the face visible to the examinee ofselectable answers to a question presented to the examinee and chosen todemonn 10 sired characteristic.

JOSEPH S. KOPAS.

